11. "Toropets-Jerusalem" group
(No. 227 – 284)
Nicholas Zharkikh
Shortened text of the section. Full text in ukrainian version.
Having listed the objects in the territory of modern Lithuania and the north of Belarus, the SRG moves on to the objects that, as of the 15th century. were located on the northeastern and eastern borders of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
(227) Toropets drevyan (= wooden)
It is the in the modern Tver region of the Russian Federation. Probability class – A.
(228) Gorodno
Above when I tried to interpret record 183, I had already gathered information about the history of Grodno. If entry 183 could not be convincingly explained, then there is no doubt: it refers to the modern city of , the regional center of Belarus. Probability class – A.
(229) Mashchin
The name cannot be convincingly interpreted. Probability class – D.
(230) Belaa
A modern town in the south-west of the Tver region (Russia), it is possible to tie it to the entry in the SRG only with great effort. Probability class – C.
(231) Moreva
This is a doubling of entry 418. There is this one Moreva recorded among the possessions of Veliky Novgorod, and we will talk about it in more detail there. Probability class – G.
(232) Vorotynesk
The object cannot be localized. Probability class – D.
(233) Shernesk
A purely literary "town". Probability class – F.
(234) Devyagoresk
I think there can be no doubt that Devyagoresk was located near the modern town in Tula region (Russia). Probability class – A.
(235) Kpertuev
This entry in the SRG is the result of a transcription error or a desperate attempt to somehow adapt a foreign name to the Russian language. Probability class – D.
(236) Vostyobacher
Splitting the word into two parts was not justified and should be rejected. Probability class – D.
(237) Bozhesk
L. E. Makhnovets in his expressed the assumption that Bozhesk / Bozhskyi is a settlement on the left bank of the Bog in the village (Khmelnytskyi district and region, Ukraine). It is located 17 km east of the undisputedly localized Medzhibozh. Probability class – C.
(238) Mezesk
The town of Mezetsk is mentioned in the 15th century. Starting from the 16th century it started calling (Kaluga region, Russia). Probability class – A.
(239) Meshchesk
As we can see, the SRG scribe also knew the alternative name of Mezetsk and wrote it down. He probably considered Meshchesk / Meshchovsk to be a separate town, but he was wrong. I consider the record to be a duplicate of Mezetsk. Probability class – G.
(240) Masalesk
This is a modern town Kaluga region. Probability class – A.
(241) Onuze
Such a settlement is currently unknown, and there is no river with such a name. The entry in the SRG was borrowed from the annals under 6745 (1237) Probability class – F.
(242) Obolensk
Nowadays it is near the village Zhukov District, Kaluga region (Russia). Probability class – A.
(243) Sutesk
Suteysk was mentioned for the first and last time in the "Primary Chronicle" in 6605 (1097). It is believed that it was located near the modern village in Zamostia County, Lublin Voivodeship, Poland. Probability class – A. The source of the SRG record was a list of "Primary Chronicle".
(244) Yasenets
This name : in Ukraine we have a village and a river of this name, in Belarus – 4 villages, 13 settlements in modern Poland. There is no hope of finding "our" Yasenets among them. Probability class – D.
(245) Ostree
With some probability, it can be assumed that Ostree was located near the lake in the Pskov region (Russia). Probability class – C.
It was raining with a thunderstorm tonight in Kyiv, but in between the rain waves, around 4 o’clock in the morning, I heard a series of very distant and very dull, indistinct sounds, but clearly not a thunderstorm. And that’s they : there were several waves of cruise missiles and Shaheds, our air defense destroyed everything on the approaches to the city (June 12, 2024 at 8:00).
(246) Mykulyn
I willfully assume a modern town in Ternopil district and region (Ukraine). Probability class – C.
(247) Starodub on Lan’ (248)
I accept town in Bryansk region (Russia). Probability class – A.
(249) Mglin
A modern town in Bryansk region (Russia). Probability class – A.
(250) Krychev
Modern – a town in the Mogilev region of Belarus. Probability class – A.
(251) Kozelesk
A modern town in the Kaluga region (Russia). Probability class – A.
(252) Rybchesk
Unknown object. Probability class – D.
(253) Slovenesk
Slovenesk should be considered an unknown object. Probability class – D.
Yesterday’s rocket fire in Kryvyi Rih had serious consequences. , that after the completion of rescue operations, we have 9 killed and 29 wounded (June 13, 2024 at 7:15).
(254) Serpeesk
We have only one candidate for this name – a modern village in Meshchovsk district of Kaluga region (Russia). Probability class – A.
(255) Golotychesk
The object with exactly the same name was mentioned for the first and last time in the "Primary Chronicle" in 6579 (1071). Probability class – F.
(256) Shumesk
A modern town in the Kremenets district of the Ternopil region (Ukraine). Probability class – A.
(257) Oleshesk
This name cannot be interpreted. Probability class – D.
(258) Muravin
Unknown object. Probability class – D.
(259) Derevesk
Unknown object. Probability class – D.
(260) Izboresk
Another copy of Pskov’s Izborsk. There was one earlier (159), and the real Izborsk will be further (434). Duplication of name. Probability class – G.
, that an explosion rang out in Kyiv in the morning, probably some high-speed target was shot down. I personally didn’t hear it, but if those muscovitian "high-speed (supersonic) targets" were flying at me, I would have died without hearing anything. Typically we hear enemy targets flying past us (Jun 14, 2024 at 7:29 am).
(261) Veveresk
Unknown object. Probability class – D.
(262) Meresk
Unknown object. Probability class – D.
(263) Pustaa Rzhova on the Volga (264)
Pusta Rzheva seems to be a modern village Bezhanytsky District, Pskov Region, 30 km southeast of Novorzhev (Russia). I accept this localization with a caveat. Probability class – C.
(265) Melechya
I accept the village in the Demyansk district of the Novgorod region (Russia) with a reservation. Probability class – B.
(266) Seluk
Probably a village in Peno district, Tver region (Russia). Probability class – B.
(267) Vosvjato
A modern town in the south of Pskov region (Russia). Probability class – B.
(268) Zyzhech
Probably a village in Kunya district, Pskov region (Russia). Probability class – B.
(269) Jerusalem
Finally, there was a name about which there can be no doubt. This is of modern Israel. Probability class – A.
(270) Rzhyshchev
I accept with effort town on the Dnieper in Obukhiv district of Kyiv region (Ukraine). Probability class – C.
(271) Beloberezhye
The toponym is quite common. For the interpretation of SRG, only Biloberezhye from the annals is provided. Probability class – B.
(272) Samara
I think it’s a river , which flows into the Dnipro (Ukraine). Probability class – A.
(273) Bronitsarev
Unknown object. Probability class – D.
(274) Osechen
There is no doubt that Osechen was located somewhere near Rzhev in Russia, but its exact location has not yet been identified. Probability class – D.
(275) Rjasna
The researchers point to the village Starytsky district, Tver region, 50 km north of Rzhev (Russia). I should agree with this. Probability class – A.
(276) Tur
Perhaps the Tury churchyard in the Toropets district, which since 1923 has been called Probability class – C.
(277) Koporya
The name repeats the name of Koporya No. 424, which is better placed among Novgorod objects. This is already the third time when Novgorod objects fall into the "Toropets" group. Probability class – G.
(278) on Porog
Unknown object. Probability class – D.
(279) Karachev
The name is unique and undeniably relevant to modern town in Bryansk region (Russia). Probability class – A.
(280) Torusa
Undisputed modern town on Oka in the Kaluga region (Russia). Probability class – A.
(281) Tud
A modern river has a length of 103 km, flows in the Tver region (Russia). Currently, it is possible to accept the name in SRG as the name of the river. Probability class – A.
(282) Syzhka
We can agree that in the 14th and 15th centuries the river Syzhka was famous (). Probability class – A.
(283) Goryshon
Unknown object. Probability class – D.
(284) Luky (= bows)
Luky from the SRG should be considered an unknown object. Probability class – D.
We have a total of 58 objects in the "Toropets-Jerusalem" group. Of them, we have reliably localized (A) – 20 (34 %), relatively reliably localized (B) – 5 (9 %), poorly, uncertainly localized (B) – 6 (10 %), unknown (D) – 17 (29 %), literary (E) – 4 (7 %), duplicates – 3 (5 %). The total number of problematic objects (B – Z) is 30, or 52 %. Therefore, this part of SRG is of very low quality.
Maps
Just before midnight, around 11:50 PM on August 5, 2024, I heard air raid sirens, and shortly thereafter (at approximately 0:07 AM on August 6, 2024), no fewer than seven explosions were heard within a very short period of time, up to one minute. And another explosion in the ear a little later, somewhere at 0:35 on August 6, 2024. Maybe there were more of them in this series, only I woke up already on the last one.
, that muscovites bombarded Kyiv with Iskander-M ballistic missiles or North Korean KN-23 missiles. Currently, there are no victims or destruction in Kyiv (August 6, 2024 at 8:00 a.m.).
The "Toropets-Jerusalem" group is quite numerous, but of very low quality and very chaotic. I made the following optimal route: 269 (we start from Jerusalem, no other way!) → 272 → 256 → 243 → 228 → 248 → 250 → 249 → 247 → 279 → 254 → 240 → 238 → 251 → 234 → 280 → 242 → 275 → 282 → 281 → 227 (and we finish in Toropets) = 4824 km. It is plotted on the following diagram with blue arrows. But those willing can try to build a more economical route.
"Toropets-Jerusalem" group.
Optimal route
Appeared , that two of the four ballistic missiles were shot down (whether they were Iskanders or KN-23 – they have not yet written). Also , that debris from a downed rocket fell on a parking lot in the Desna district of Kyiv (August 6, 2024 at 10:17 a.m.).
To lay the main real route (between class A objects), you just need to look at the list: 227 → 228 → 234 → 238 → 240 → 242 → 243 → 247 → 248 → 249 → 250 → 251 → 254 → 256 → 269 → 272 → 275 → 279 → 280 → 281 → 282 = 11276 km. It is plotted on the following diagram with arrows of different colors; colors do not have a special meaning, only so that there is no confusion when crossing (and it still occurs, because there are not enough bright colors, you have to use pale ones). Entropy-A = 234 %.
"Toropets-Jerusalem" group.
Real route (class A)
Complete real route (classes A + B + C): 227 → 228 → 230 → 234 → 237 → 238 → 240 → 242 → 243 → 245 → 246 → 247 → 248 → 249 → 250 → 251 → 254 → 256 → 263 → 265 → 266 → 267 → 268 → 269 → 270 → 271 → 272 → 275 → 276 → 279 → 280 → 281 → 282 = 17402 km, which gives us entropy-B = 361 %. We have a significant increase in entropy and additional confusion, so I cannot limit ourselves to pale colors of lines, and I have to draw dashed lines:
"Toropets-Jerusalem" group.
Real route (classes A + B + C)
, that yesterday’s attack by Rotten-Straw Horde (around midnight on August 5 / 6, 2024) caused quite significant damage in one of the districts of the Kyiv region (August 7, 2024 at 8:50).
The polygon that covers all objects of the group is marked with a black outline on the map. Its diameter (265 – 269) is 2900 km. We can remove a whole bunch of foreign objects from the group:
– Gorodno (228) and Lan’ River (248) fit better into the "Lithuanian" group;
– Suteysk (243), Shumsk (256) and Mykulyn (243) should be transferred to the "Volyn-Halych" group;
– Bozhesk (237) is better transferred to the "Podillja" group;
– Rzhyshchiv (270), Biloberezhya (271) and Samara (272) fit better into the "Hypatian" group;
- finally, Jerusalem (269) should form a separate group – it is Jerusalem, not just anything!
With the removal of these objects, the core of the group (orange contour) acquires a diameter of 585 km (265 – 247), or 20 % of the full diameter.